CIVIL SERVICES (MAIN) EXAMINATION, 2013 Marksheet

ROLL NO. :	101109
NAME :	MD SHAHID KAMAL ANSARI
MARKS OBTAINED

SUBJECTS MARKS ESSAY (PAPER-I) 132 GENERAL STUDIES -I (PAPER-II) 067 GENERAL STUDIES -II (PAPER-III) 048 GENERAL STUDIES -III (PAPER-IV) 087 GENERAL STUDIES -IV (PAPER-V) 095 OPTIONAL-I (SOCIOLOGY) (PAPER-VI) 078 OPTIONAL-II (SOCIOLOGY) (PAPER-VII) 072 WRITTEN TOTAL 579 PERSONALITY TEST 173 FINAL TOTAL 752

Remarks :-RECOMMENDED

Oslo Accord

This was an historic turning point in Arab-Israeli relations. Hammered out in complete secrecy in Oslo, Norway, by Israeli and Palestinian negotiators acting without intermediaries, the Oslo Accord forced both sides to come to terms with each other's existence. 

Israel agreed to recognize Yasser Arafat as its partner in peace talks, and agreed to recognize Palestinian autonomy in the West Bank and Gaza Strip by beginning to withdraw from the cities of Gaza and Jericho -- essentially exchanging land for peace. 

The Palestinians in turn recognized Israel's right to exist while also renouncing the use of terrorism and its long-held call for Israel's destruction. 

(A year later, Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin, Foreign Minister Shimon Peres, and Yasser Arafat were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for their roles in the Oslo accord.)

Oslo sketched out a peace process with a two-phase timetable:-

1. During a five-year interim period, Oslo envisioned a series of step-by-step measures to build trust and partnership. Palestinians would police the territories they controlled, cooperate with Israel in the fight against terrorism, and amend those sections of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) charter that called for Israel's destruction. 

Israel would withdraw almost entirely from Gaza, and in stages from parts of the West Bank. An elected Palestinian Authority would take over governance of the territories from which Israel withdrew.

2. After this five-year interim period, negotiators then would determine a final peace agreement to resolve the thorniest issues: final borders, security arrangements, Jerusalem, whether the Palestinians would have an independent state, Jewish settlements in the West Bank and Gaza, and Palestinian refugees' claims to land and property left behind when they fled Israel.

Source:- http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/oslo/negotiations/

Marshall Plan

The Marshall Plan (officially the European Recovery Program, ERP) was the American initiative to aid Europe, in which the United States gave $13 billion in economic support to help rebuild European economies after the end of World War II in order to prevent the spread of Soviet Communism.

The plan was in operation for four years beginning in April 1948. The goals of the United States were to rebuild war-devastated regions, remove trade barriers, modernize industry, and make Europe prosperous again.The phrase "equivalent of the Marshall Plan" is often used to describe a proposed large-scale rescue program.

Source: wikipedia 

FC (R) Act, 2010

It is an Act to consolidate the law to (regulate the acceptance and utilization of foreign contribution or foreign hospitality by certain individuals or associations or companies) and (to prohibit acceptance and utilization of foreign contribution or foreign hospitality for any activities detrimental to the national interest) and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.

Section 3 of FCRA specifies that the following persons cannot receive foreign contribution:

(a) candidate for election;
(b) correspondent, columnist, cartoonist, editor, owner, printer or publisher of a registered newspaper;
(c) Judge, Government servant or employee of any corporation or any other body controlled or owned by the Government;
(d) member of any Legislature;
(e) political party or office-bearer thereof;
(f) organisation of a political nature as may be specified under sub-section (1)
of section 5 by the Central Government;
(g) association or company engaged in the production or broadcast of audio news or audio visual news or current affairs programmes through any electronic mode, or any other electronic form as defined in clause (r) of sub-section (1) of section 2 of the Information Technology Act, 2000 or any other mode of mass communication;
(h) correspondent or columnist, cartoonist, editor, owner of the association or company referred to in clause (g).

The above mentioned person cannot receive foreign contribution subject to certain exceptions specified in section 4 which are as under:

(a) If they receive foreign funds by way of salary, wages or remuneration for services rendered.
(b) If they receive payment in ordinary course of business transaction in India by such foreign organisation or source.
(c) If the funds are received in the course of international trade or commerce or in the ordinary course of business transacted outside India.
(d) Payment is received as an agent of a foreign source or organisation in relation to any transaction made by such foreign organisation with the governance.
(e) If the payment is received by way of gift or presentation as a part of any Indian delegation within the norms of acceptance described by Central Government.
(f) Payment is received from relative staying abroad.
(g) Payment is received through official channel, post office or any authorized dealer in the ordinary course of business”.
(h) by way of any scholarship, stipend or any payment of like nature

Case of NGOs or Charitable Organisation:-

All NGOs or Charitable Organisations having a definite cultural, economic, religious or social program are eligible for registration under FCRA. Once a FCRA registration is obtained, such organisation can receive foreign funds with obtaining any further approval subject to other formalities of FCRA.

Organisation of Political nature:-

Organisation of political nature cannot register itself under FCRA and they are not eligible to receive foreign contribution. The Central Government has published a list of organisations which are considered as organisation of political nature. 

Civil Services

Imperial Civil Service constituted in 1886-87 based on the recommendations of the Public Service commission. Later changed to the Indian Civil Service.

Provincial Civil Service constituted in the 1890s on  Provincial Civil Service constituted in the 1890s on the basis of the recommendations of the Aitchison Commission.

The Public Service and the Public Servants shall be guided by the following values in the discharge of their functions:

–(a) patriotism and upholding national pride;

– (b) allegiance to the Constitution and the law of the nation;

– (c) objectivity, impartiality, honesty, diligence, courtesy and transparency;

– (d) maintain absolute integrity.

Seniority of a Direct Recruit probationer is determined on the basis of:

1. UPSC Marks
2. Records in the Academy and in the State
3. Performance in the Final Examination (rule 10)
4. 
   In case of equal marks, date of birth is taken into consideration for determining seniority.
5. 
   In case of cadre change on personal request,he/she is placed below the DR officers of the changed cadre though the all-India inter-se seniority remain unchanged.

The following required for confirmation of a probationer:

• Completion of probation (course completion certificate issued by the Academy)
• Recommendation of the Review Board of the State Government
• Verification report of character and antecedents
• Vigilance clearance
• 
  Academy has been assigned the job of sending the proposal for confirmation of IAS probationers from 2005 Batch onwards to the Central Government.

AIS (CONDUCT) RULES 1968

 These rules are applicable to all AIS officers including the probationers which provide that they should:

1. abide by these rules especially maintain absolute integrity, devotion to duty and do nothing unbecoming of a member of the Service. (Rule 3)
2. not to adopt dilatory tactics toward the general public and give due importance to public representatives. (Rule 3.2A)
3. not seek favour from private bodies/NGOs for employing his/her near relatives. (Rule 4 )
4. not to take part in elections and involve in politics.(rule-5)
5. abide by rules in public utterance and giving evidence to committees (rule 6 & 8)
6. not to criticize any of the govt. policies (rule 7) 
7. not to communicate information unauthorizedly (rule 9)
8. not to associate with any fund raising drive-donations/contributions even for a charitable cause(rule 10)

Tribal's Trivia

The history of the marginalization of the tribal people goes long back. In the colonial period a number of constitutional provisions were enacted which effectively deprived the tribals of their traditional rights over land, forest and other natural resources. 

The Indian Forest Act of 1927 introduced the principle of ‘res nullius’ which implied that any property which does not have a documented legal owner can be appropriated by the government. 

• Using this principle large tracts of land were handed over by the British to the Forest Department which was created to implement this rule. 

Similarly, the concept of ‘Eminent Domain’ that owes its origin to the Land Acquisition Act of 1894 gives the government the first right to acquire any land for public purpose. This has also been criticized for taking away the traditional rights of the tribal people over land and natural resources.

India’s population consists of 100 million tribal people who have constitutionally been addressed via two distinct avenues. 

1. The Fifth Schedule applies to an overwhelming majority of India’s tribes in nine States.

2.The Sixth Schedule covers areas that are settled in the northeastern States bordering China and Myanmar. [the States of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram] 

Sixth Schedule:-

The States of Assam, Tripura, Meghalaya, and Mizoram are autonomous regions under the Sixth Schedule. The Sixth Schedule gives tribal communities considerable autonomy. The role of the Governor and the State are subject to significant limitations, with greater powers devolved locally. 

The District Council and the Regional Council under the Sixth Schedule have real power to make laws, possibility on the various legislative subjects, receiving grants-in-aids from the Consolidated Fund of India to meet the costs of schemes for development, health care, education, roads and regulatory powers to state control. The mandate towards Devolution, de-concentration and divestment determines the protection of their customs, better economic development and most importantly ethnic security.

Fifth Schedule:- 

The Fifth Schedule on the other hand fails because it has never been applied. Fifth Schedule provides for the establishment of Tribal Advisory Council in each State having Scheduled Areas therein and, if the President so directs, also in any State having Scheduled Tribes but not Scheduled Areas therein, consisting of not more than twenty members of whom, as nearly as may be, three-fourths shall be the representatives of the Scheduled Tribes in the Legislative Assembly of the State.

It also provides for restrictions on the applicability of any particular Act of Parliament or of the Legislature of the State or provides the application of the same.

The PESA or Panchayats(Extension to the Scheduled Areas) Act 1996 should have been a landmark for the tribal communities. It mandates the state to devolve certain political, administrative and fiscal powers to local governments elected by the communities. This became exclusive to the Fifth Schedule areas, to promote tribal self-government. 

PESA was meant to benefit not only the majority of tribals but also extended to cover minority non-tribal communities. 

It guarantees tribes half of the seats in the elected local governments and the seat of the chairperson at all hierarchical levels of the Panchayat system.

Demand of Bastar Area:- 

Bastar district in Chhattisgarh is governed by the Fifth Schedule, but it wants to move into the Sixth Schedule.

Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Rights Act 2006, recognizes the right of communities to protect and manage their forests, but only if the state decides whether a certain region is denoted as Village Forest or Reserved Forest. In this process, many communities are evicted without a proper channel of rehabilitation.

Note:-

In order to deal with the problem of land alienation to non-tribals, laws have been enacted in almost all states where there are tribal populations. 

In some parts, such acts have been in existence since the British period like, Chotanagpur Tenancy Act 1908 and The Santhal Pargana Tenancy Act 1940. 

The British initiated such measures not so much out of concern for the tribes but for reasons of administrative and political expediency. These were more in the direction of protection

from land alienation of the tribes and restriction of the movement of the non-tribal population into tribal areas.

To reinforce the constitutional provisions for protection of the tribals, two important laws have been enacted in more recent years. 

One was the Provisions of the Panchayat (Extension to theScheduled Areas), Act, 1996. The act empowers the scheduled tribes to safeguard and preserve the traditions and customs of the people, their cultural identity, community resources and customary mode of dispute resolution through the gram sabha. 
Interestingly, the provisions of the Panchayat Act hardly find its due place in letter and spirit, for example, in provisions on the pattern of the sixth schedule, in the acts enacted by the different states. 
Further, though no enactment has been made to extend part IX A (The Municipalities) to the scheduled areas, the same is steadily being pushed in all states having scheduled areas. 

The other act in the direction has been the ‘The Scheduled Tribe and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers Act, 2006.  The act is aimed at undoing the age old injustice done to tribals by restoring and recognizing their pre-existing rights. 

Millennium Development Goals

There are 8 (eight) Millennium Development Goals of United Nations.

1. Eradicate extreme Poverty and Hunger
2. Achieve universal Primary Education
3. Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women
4. Reduce Child Mortality
5. Improve Maternal Health
6. Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria & other diseases
7. Ensure Environment Sustainability
8. Global Partnership for Development

(Goal 1 )Eradicate extreme Poverty and Hunger:-

Target 1.A: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people whose income is less than $1.25 a day

Target 1.B: Achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all, including women and young people

Target 1.C: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger

(Goal 2) Achieve universal Primary Education:-

Target 2.A: Ensure that, by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling

(Goal 3) Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women:-

Target 3.A: Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education, preferably by 2005, and in all levels of education no later than 2015

(Goal 4) Reduce Child Mortality:-

Target 4.A: Reduce by two thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality rate

(Goal 5) Improve Maternal Health:-

Target 5.A: Reduce by three quarters the maternal mortality ratio

Target 5.B: Achieve universal access to reproductive health

(Goal 6) Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria & other diseases:-

Target 6.A: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS

Target 6.B: Achieve, by 2010, universal access to treatment for HIV/AIDS for all those who need it

Target 6.C: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of malaria and other major diseases

(Goal 7) Ensure Environment Sustainability:-

Target 7.A: Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies and programs and reverse the loss of environmental resources

Target 7.B: Reduce biodiversity loss, achieving, by 2010, a significant reduction in the rate of loss

Target 7.C: Halve, by 2015, the proportion of the population without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation

Target 7.D: Achieve, by 2020, a significant improvement in the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers

(Goal 8) Global Partnership for Development:-

Target 8.A: Develop further an open, rule-based, predictable, non-discriminatory trading and financial system

Target 8.B:  Address the special needs of least developed countries

Target 8.C:  Address the special needs of landlocked developing countries and small island developing States

Target 8.D: Deal comprehensively with the debt problems of developing countries

Target 8.E: In cooperation with pharmaceutical companies, provide access to affordable essential drugs in developing countries

Target 8.F: In cooperation with the private sector, make available benefits of new technologies, especially information and communications

Gujral Doctrine

The Gujral Doctrine is a set of five principles to guide the conduct of foreign relations with India’s immediate neighbors.

• First, with the neighbors like Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Maldives and Sri -Lanka, India does not ask for reciprocity but gives all that it can in good faith and trust.

• Secondly, no South Asian country will allow its territory to be used against the interest of another country of the region.

• Thirdly, none will interfere in the internal affairs of another.

• Fourthly, all South Asian countries must respect each other’s territorial integrity and sovereignty.

• And finally, they will settle all their disputes through peaceful bilateral negotiations.

Essence of Gujral Doctrine: The essence of Gujral Doctrine is that being the largest country in South Asia, India decided on 'extension of unilateral concessions to neighbors in the sub-continent'. 

Genesis of the Doctrine: Among other factors, these five principles arise from the belief that India’s stature and strength cannot be divorced from the quality of its relations with its neighbours.

Governor

Article 153 of the Constitution provides that there shall be a Governor for each State. 

Article 154 vests the executive power of the state in the Governor. 

Article 155 provides that the Governor of a State shall be appointed by the President, by warrant under his hand and seal. 

Article 156 relates to term of office of Governor and is extracted below: 

“156. Term of office of Governor.—(1) The Governor shall hold office during the pleasure of the President.

(2) The Governor may, by writing under his hand addressed to the President, resign his office.

(3) Subject to the foregoing provisions of this article, a Governor shall hold office for a term of five years from the date on which he enters upon his office."

In B P Singhal versus Union of India , judgement 2010 regarding the removal of Governors following conclusions were made by the Constitutional Bench of Honorable Supreme Court.

1. Under Article 156(1), the Governor holds office during the pleasure of the President. Therefore, the President can remove the Governor from office at any time without assigning any reason and without giving any opportunity to show cause.

2. Though no reason need be assigned for discontinuance of the pleasure resulting in removal, the power under Article 156(1) cannot be exercised in an arbitrary, capricious or unreasonable manner. The power will have to be exercised in rare and exceptional circumstances for valid and compelling reasons. The compelling reasons are not restricted to those enumerated by the petitioner (that is physical/mental disability, corruption and behaviour unbecoming of a Governor) but are of a wider amplitude. What would be compelling reasons would depend upon the facts and circumstances of each case.

3. A Governor cannot be removed on the ground that he is out of sync with the policies and ideologies of the Union Government or the party in power at the Centre. Nor can he be removed on the ground that the Union Government has lost confidence in him. It follows therefore that change in government at Centre is not a ground for removal of Governors holding office to make way for others favoured by the new government.

4.If the aggrieved person is able to demonstrate prima facie that his removal was either arbitrary, malafide, capricious or whimsical, the court will call upon the Union Government to disclose to the court, the material upon which the President had taken the decision to withdraw the pleasure. If the Union Government does not disclose any reason, or if the reasons disclosed are found to be irrelevant, arbitrary, whimsical, or malafide, the court will interfere.