Tuesday, November 12, 2013

National Police Commision (1977-81)

Chairman- Dharam Vira

"Examination of Role and Function of Police'

with reference to 
  • Control of Crime and Maintenance of Public Order
  • The method of Magisterial Supervision
  • Maintenance of Crime Records
  • Modernisation of Law Enforcement
  • Up-gradation of Police Communication Network
  • Measures for preventing misuse of Power
Recommendations:-

  1. Appointment of the Criminal Justice Commission.
  2. Fixed Tenure of DGP
  3. The NPC has recommended the establishment of special investigation cell in the police department at the State level to monitor the progress of investigation of cases under the Protection of Civil Rights Act or other atrocities against Scheduled Castes and Tribes. A composite cell may be constituted at the district level under the Sub-Divisional Officer to inquire into complaints emanating from scheduled Castes/Tribes, particularly those relating to lapses in administrative measures meant for their relief.
  4. NPC has recommended an important amendment to Section 154 Cr.P.C. which would make it incumbent on a police station to register an FIR whether or not the crime has taken place in its jurisdiction and then transfer the FIR to the concerned police station, if necessary.
  5. The NPC has recommended a new section 50-A in Chapter V of Cr.P.C. requiring the police to give intimation about the arrest of a person to anyone who may reasonably be named by him to avoid agonising suspense to the members of his family about his whereabouts.
  6. The Police Act of 1861 should be replaced by a new Police Act.   
 

 

Administrative Outputs

Peter Self has classified administrative outputs into six parts:-

  1. Public Utilities
  2. Social Services
  3. Scientific and Technical Services
  4. Military and Paramilitary Services
  5. Basic powers of regulations and assistance
  6. Overall Planning

Thursday, October 31, 2013

Functions of Attitude

Daniel Katz classified attitudes into four different groups based on their functions
  1. Utilitarian: provides us with general approach or avoidance tendencies
  2. Knowledge: help people organize and interpret new information
  3. Ego-defensive: attitudes can help people protect their self-esteem
  4. Value-expressive: used to express central values or beliefs
Utilitarian People adopt attitudes that are rewarding and that help them avoid punishment. In other words any attitude that is adopted in a person's own self-interest is considered to serve a utilitarian function. Consider you have a condo, people with condos pay property taxes, and as a result you don't want to pay more taxes. If those factors lead to your attitude that " Increases in property taxes are bad" you attitude is serving a utilitarian function.
Knowledge People need to maintain an organized, meaningful, and stable view of the world. That being said important values and general principles can provide a framework for our knowledge. Attitudes achieve this goal by making things fit together and make sense. Example:
  • I believe that I am a good person.
  • I believe that good things happen to good people.
  • Something bad happens to Bob.
  • So I believe Bob must not be a good person.
Ego-Defensive This function involves psychoanalytic principles where people use defense mechanisms to protect themselves from psychological harm. Mechanisms include:
  • Denial
  • Repression
  • Projection
  • Rationalization
The ego-defensive notion correlates nicely with Downward Comparison Theory which holds the view that derogating a less fortunate other increases our own subjective well-being. We are more likely to use the ego-defensive function when we suffer a frustration or misfortune.
Value-Expressive
  • Serves to express one's central values and self-concept.
  • Central values tend to establish our identity and gain us social approval thereby showing us who we are, and what we stand for.
An example would concern attitudes toward a controversial political issue.

(source-wikipedia)

Shanghai Co-operation Organization

The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) is an intergovernmental organization composed of China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan founded in Shanghai in 2001. 
  • Originally formed as a confidence-building forum to demilitarize borders, the organization's goals and agenda have since broadened to include increased military and counterterrism cooperation and intelligence sharing. 
  •  The SCO has also intensified its focus on regional economic initiatives like the recently announced integration of the China-led Silk Road Economic Belt and the Russia-led Eurasian Economic Union.
  • Except for Uzbekistan, the other countries had been members of the Shanghai Five, founded in 1996; after the inclusion of Uzbekistan in 2001, the members renamed the organisation.
Structure:-  
  • The SCO has two permanent headquarters, the Secretariat in Beijing and the "Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure (RATS)" in Tashkent, the Uzbek capital. 
  • One of the organization's primary objectives is promoting cooperation on security-related issues, namely to combat the "three evils" of terrorism, separatism, and extremism. 
  • The organization adopts decisions made by consensus, and all member states must uphold the core principle of non-aggression and non-interference in internal affairs.
  • It was initially focused on Central Asia.
  • It has Afghanistan and Iran with observer status. 
  • India & Pakistan has got full membership in 2015 with formalities pending. 
  • Turkey and Belarus as dialogue partners.
  • It has collaborated through MoUs with Eurasian Countries.
  • SCO is an important organization for Afghanistan Issue (to find solution)
Aims :-
  1. Economic Development 
  2. Close Political Co-operation
(Central Asia is landlocked and has no access to the world's market)

In last conference , SCO opened itself for membership and laid down guidelines.

# Last year India announced its central Asia policy named as Connect Central Asia.

Wednesday, October 30, 2013

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

  • EIA seeks to consider the probable consequences of human intervention in the environment to restrict the environmental damage.
  • In EIA , an inventory of pollutants is prepared in which an account is maintained of inputs and outputs. It is also known as environment auditing.
  • On the basis of standards laid down by the govt. the positive and negative consequences of the conceived project on economy , society, and ecology are assessed.
  • EIA is a compulsory requirement before any major or medium project is installed. e.g, Power Plants, Highways, airports etc.
  • On the basis of EIA , it is ascertained that the project is economically viable, socially acceptable and ecologically sustainable.

The Representation of the People Act, 1951

  • The Act provides for the conduct of elections to the Houses of Parliament and to the house or houses of the State legislatures.
  • Provides for the qualifications and disqualifications for membership of these houses.
  • Provides for the corrupt practices and other offences at or in connection with such elections
  • Provides for the decision of doubts and disputes arising out of or in connection with such elections.
  • The RPI Act contains 32 sections in 5 parts.

Monday, October 28, 2013

Attitude

Attitude:-

An attitude is an expression of favor or disfavor toward a person , place, thing or event (the attitude object).

Attitude can be formed from a person's past and present.

Attitude is also measuarble and changeable as well as influencing the person's emotion and behavior.

Attitude Structure:-

Tripartite view of William J McGuire
  1. Cognitive 
  2. Affective
  3. Behavioral
# Attitude can also be Positive and Negative

Ethics

Ethics is a set of principles of right conduct. It has been defined as a set of values and principles which helps guide behavior, choice and actions. It helps to decide whether ones' actions are right or wrong. Organizations as well as individuals have ethical standards. 

Ethics:-
  • is a system of moral principles.
  • affects how people make decisions and lead their lives
  • concerned with what is good for individuals and society
  • it is also described as moral philosophy.
Approaches to Ethics:-

Ethical theories are divided into three parts-
  1. Meta Ethics- It deals with the nature of moral judgement. It looks at the origin and meaning of ethical principles.
  2. Normative Ethics- It is concerned with the content of the moral judgments and criteria for what is right and what is wrong.
  3. Applied Ethics-It looks at controversial topics like war , animal rights and capital punishment.

Water Management

In India, earlier the focus was on Water Resource Development & extraction through large dams or drilling deeper for groundwater.
Now , the focus has shifted towards management of the Groundwater in a more sustainable manner through Participation. (Participatory Approach)

Some of the things worth a look are :-
  • National Irrigation Management Fund
  • Command Area Development Program
  • National Acquifier Management Program
  • Draft National water Framework Law

Procedure for Creation of New States

  • Art. 3 of the Indian Constitution provides that an Ordinary Bill has to be introduced in either house of the Parliament with prior recommendation of the President to create a new state.
  • Further, the President has to seek the views of the affected state within a specified time frame.
  • However, even if the concerned state legislature expresses its views to the contrary , Parliament can still go ahead and pass the legislation to create a new state.
  • A similar process is required to change areas , boundaries and name of the state.
  • Thus creation of a state by making a law by Parliament does not amount to amendment in the constitution. This is done by Ordinary Legislation.
#In US federal system the consent of the state legislature is compulsory. 
  • The provision of overriding power of the Parliament was meant for emergency purposes only and not in ordinary case as expressed by Dr. B R Ambedkar in constitutional debates. So not taking the consent of the state legislature will be harmful for our federal structure.

# The first State Reorganization Commission under the chairmanship of Fazl Ali (with members - K M Panikker and H N Kunzru) submitted its report in 1955 and suggested linguistic Reorganization of States.

Friday, October 25, 2013

Rotterdam Convention

The 1998 Rotterdam Convention was established in order to monitor and control the trade in certain hazardous chemicals.
  • The convention was meant as an instrument that could provide importing parties with the power to make informed decisions on which chemicals they want to receive and to exclude those that can not be safely managed.
  • A process termed as Prior Informed Consent (PIC) is regulated under the convention. 
  • This involves a mutual information exchange of all issues regarding the trade of hazardous chemicals (including POPs).
  • The convention entered into force in 2004.

Thursday, October 24, 2013

Chemical Weapons

Chemical Weapons:-

Any device that uses chemicals to inflict injuries to human beings qualifies as a chemical weapon.
Some examples of chemical weapons are mustard gas, nerve gas, agent orange used by US in Vietnam etc.
  • The toxic component in such a weapon is called chemical agent.
  • Depending on the mode of action and impact these chemical agents could further be categorized as choking, blistering , blood, nerve, riot control agents.
  • Depending on the extent of their impact some of these weapons also qualify as weapons of mass destruction.
#After the first world war , Geneva Protocol  was signed in 1925, which prohibited the use of Chemical Weapons but it did not prohibit the production and stockpiling of these weapons , so the protocol was not effective in stopping the military scale production of chemical weapons.

#Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) , a disarmament agreement which was adopted in 1992 prohibits the use of these weapons.

#Organization for Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) got the Nobel Peace Prize 2013 for its role in prohibition of chemical weapons.

SWF for India (INOIC)

The Indian government is setting up a company- India Overseas Investment Corporation (INOIC) under the Finance Ministry on the lines of a Sovereign Wealth Fund (SWF) to lend financial muscle for securing access to overseas natural resources.

INOIC:

  • It will be established as an NBFC under RBI with paid up capital of Rs. 10 Cr.
  • Company can raise funds through rupee bonds with sovereign guarantee.
  • Established out of - Surplus profit of PSUs
  • Prime Objective- Access to critical natural resources including oil, gas fertilizers etc.
  • Time Horizon- Long Term
  • Financial Goals- Security of access more than return
# Conventional SWFs focus on better returns on foreign exchange reserves of central bank so INOIC aim will be slightly different from SWFs.

Thursday, September 26, 2013

Ethics

Ethics:-

Ethics is a system of moral principles. They affect how people make decisions and lead their lives.

Ethics is concerned with what is good for individuals and society and is also described as moral philosophy.

The term is derived from the Greek word ethos which can mean custom, habit, character or disposition.

Approaches to ethics

Philosophers nowadays tend to divide ethical theories into three areas:
  1. Meta-ethics,
  2. Normative ethics
  3. Applied ethics
  • Meta-ethics deals with the nature of moral judgement. It looks at the origins and meaning of ethical principles.
  • Normative ethics is concerned with the content of moral judgements and the criteria for what is right or wrong.
  • Applied ethics looks at controversial topics like war, animal rights and capital punishment

Monday, March 18, 2013

The Interview

My interview was in the board of Sh. P K Mishra (PKM).He is ex-chief secretary UP Govt.

Board Chairman:- Mr. P K Mishra

4 other members including a lady(L1).


PKM- He was overall a good interviewer and was laughing in between. Not the very serious types. He encouraged me in between.

M2- A fat person , I Think from Uttar Pradesh only and from purvanchal only because of his tone and he was the most tough guy in the Board.

M3- He was a diligent person and he kept quiet most of the time.

M1- He looked like an academician as most of his questions were bookish or may be that's what I thought.

L1- She was a lady with the cunning smile. She asked simple questions with difficult cross questioning.


When I came to know that it was Mr. Mishra's board I was pretty sure that my interview will be mostly about Uttar Pradesh.

PKM- So. Mr. Ansari you are from Ballia.
Me- Yes, Sir!

PKM- Tell me what is the contribution of Ballia in freedom struggle?
Me- Sir, During freedom struggle first independent government was formed in Ballia District under the Leadership of Mr. Chittu Pandey and he acted as the District Magistrate of Ballia. Also , Mr. Mangal Pandey who was a part of 1857 struggle was from Ballia.

PKM- Ok. Ok. But what was the specific incidence that took place in Ballia in 1942?
Me- Sir , It was the time of 1942 Revolution and ...

PKM- (he said that a flag was hoisted in the collectorate )

PKM- So you read novels?which one's English or Hindi?
Me- Sir, I read both English and Hindi Novels.

PKM- Tell me the name of one of the hindi writer who is known as Ghumakkad?
Me- Sir, Mr. Rahul sankrityayan. He travelled many places like afghanistan and wrote travellogues.

M2- Don't hurry . He never travelled to Afghanistan.
PKM- You have not heard that he visited Tibet?

Me-Yes Sir, He visited Tibbet also.

PKM- If you are an administrator in a district and get the news of a train accident where some people have died and some are injured. What will you do to tackle the situation.

Me- Sir, I will first co-ordinate with the Thanedar of the area concerned if such incident has really happened. I will immediately send ambulances and medical help through the CMO.

PKM- You will not visit the place of accident? You will not take help of the NGOs etc?
Me- Yes , Sir I will do that.

M1- So you have read Physics. What is the role of Physics in Mob Management?
Me- I don't know Sir.

M1- What is non-liner dynamics? have you read it?
Me- No, Sir.

M1- Ok. then tell me some favourite question that you thought would be asked?
Me- Sir , Not as favourite question but I was preparing for question related to my backgroung with respect to my work with RRB and questions on rural development.

M1- what is RRB.
Me- Sir, It is Regional Rural Bank. RRB's were established to provide banking facility in rural areas.

M1- Have you heard about same banking in Bangladesh?
Me- Yes Sir. Mr. Mohammed Yunus established Grameen Bank in Bangladesh to provide micro credit specially to women and poor people in Bangladesh. He got a noble proze for it.

M1- But he was recently terminated from his position?What was the issue involved ?
Me- Sir, I an not able to recall the exact reason.

M1- Have you heard about NABARD?
Me- Yes Sir, It provides refinance facility to the RRB's.

L1- How will you achieve peace and prosperity in rural areas?
Me- By addressing the needs of the people in rural areas.

L1- What are the problems in rural areas and how will you solve them?
Me- Madam, Some of the problems are Infrastructure problems, roads , electricity.

L1- Ok. and how will you solve them?
Me- Madam, through proper implementation of various schemes such as Pradhanmantri Gram Sadak Yojana, Rural Electrification Scheme etc.

M1- Ok. what is the budgeted amount of Bharat Nirman yojana?
Me- Sir, I don't know the exact figures.

M2- Tel me the name of a famous Politician from Ballia?
Me- Sir. Mr Jaiprakash Narain.

M2- You don't know Mr. Chandrashekhar ?
Me- Yes, Sir.He was the Ex-Prime Minister of India and He was from Ballia.

M2- Then why didn't you tell his name earlier. Ok. Tell me the connection of Mr. Morar Ji Desai with Ballia?
Me- Sir , I Don't know the answer.

M2- You know very less about your own place. Which Mela is famous in Ballia?
Me- Sir, Dadari Mela. It got its name from dardar Muni.

M2- What is the use of this mela?
Me- Sir, The mela is organized in two parts 1. Cattle Fair 2. Meena Bazaar
In cattle fair people get the opportunity to trade their cattles. It acts as a place for buyer and seller meeting.

M2- What are the points or reasons for choosing a particular place?
Me- Sir , Dadari mela is organized during Magh Purnima when devotees come to take bath in Ganga River. So some of the fair's have spiritual nature attached to it.

M3- What are the schemes which are doing good in you area and which are the one's which are not working ?

Me- Sir, Schemes like MNREGS and NRHM are doing good in our region.

M3- what are the good things?
Me- Sir , Because of MNREGS the migration of labours from Eastern Uttar Pradesh has declined as people are now able to get employment opportunity in their home towns and physical assets like Ponds , Roads has been created with the help of it.
Also through NRHM , malnourished children in the rural areas have benefited through Anganwadi etc.

M3- Which are the schemes which are not doing so well and how they can be revived?
Me- Sir , some of the schemes for example special component scheme are not doing well and through finance given for more economic viable areas which are productive in nature such as handicrafts etc. it may be improved.

PKM- You know Bundelkhand Region. Name the districts in this region?
Me- Sir , some of the districts are Jhansi, Mahoba, Banda, Chitrakut and Hamirpur.

PKM- Ok five names. two more?
Me- Sir, I think Jalaun and Lalitpur.

PKM. Ok Good. What are the main problems in Bundelkhand Region?

Me- Sir, There is water problem in the Bundelkhand region and some crime related law and order problem.

PKM- No no. what about malnourishment of children and low HDI?
Me- Yes, Sir. These are also the main problem areas.

PKM- How will you address say water problem?
Me- Sir , Through Rain water harvesting, construction of more ponds, and Check Dams.

PKM- You have heard about watershed management?
Me- Yes, Sir.

PKM- where is a new centre for that has been established in Bundelkhand?
Me- Sir, I don't know.

PKM- But where you think it should be ?

Me- Sir, I Think in Jhansi.

PKM. Yes, You are right . Thank you . Mr. Ansari . Your interview is over now.

Me- Thank You Sir. Thank you Madam.


( And it was over. I was tense in between and when I came out , I thought that I could have done better than this.I wished good luck the next candidate who was waiting there and came out of the building hoping that my name will get into the list.Fingers crossed.)









Wednesday, March 6, 2013

UPSC Civil Services 2013

The UPSC Notification for Civil Services Exam has been released !!!

The written examination will consist of the following papers:

Paper-I
Section 1 Essay = 250 Marks


Paper-II
General Studies–I (Indian Heritage and Culture, History and Geography of the World and Society)= 250 Marks

Paper-III
General Studies –II (Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and International relations)= 250 Marks

Paper-IV
General Studies –III (Technology, Economic Development, Bio-diversity, Environment, Security and Disaster Management)= 250 Marks

Paper-V
General Studies –IV (Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude) = 250 Marks

Paper-VI - Optional Subject – Paper 1 = 250 Marks
Paper-VII - Optional Subject – Paper 2 =250 Marks
Sub Total (Written test) =1750 Marks
Personality Test =275 Marks
Grand Total= 2025 Marks

Sunday, March 3, 2013

Civil Services Exam 2012 – Issues for Interview by S. Nagarajan IAS


What the UPSC says:-

1. The candidate will be interviewed by a Board who will have before them a record of his/her 
career. He/she will be asked questions on matters of general interest. The object of the 
interview is to assess the personal suitability of the candidate for a career in public service by 
a Board of competent and unbiased observers. The test is intended to judge the mental 
calibre of a candidate. In broad terms this is really  an assessment of not only his intellectual 
qualities but also social traits and his interest in current affairs. 
Some of the qualities to be judged are mental alertness, critical powers of assimilation, clear 
and logical exposition, balance of judgement,  variety and depth of interest, ability for social 
cohesion and leadership, intellectual and moral integrity.
2. The technique of the interview is not that of a strict cross-examination but of a natural,
though directed and purposive conversation which is  intended to reveal the mental qualities
of the candidate.
3. The interview test is not intended to be a test either of the specialised or general
knowledge of the candidates which has been already tested through their written papers.
Candidates are expected to have taken an intelligent interest not only in their special subjects
of academic study but also in the events which are happening around them both within and
outside their own state or country as well as in modern currents of thought and in new
discoveries which should rouse the curiosity of well educated youth.

Overall Approach:-

  Dress Code
  Interview Etiquette
  Body Language
  Answers – timing and structure
  Arguments
  Issues related to Biodata
  Issues related to Tamil Nadu
  Issues Related to India
  International Issues
  Current Affairs

Issues Related to Bio-data:-

  Questions from your  Bio-data are asked by the Interview Board to  make you feel
comfortable.
  If any particular item ‘stands out’ in your Bio-data, Interview Board asks out of
curiosity on why you have done that, what is the speciality, etc.
  However, if poorly prepared, Bio-data questions can make you feel uncomfortable or
difficult.
  Common Mistake –
o  to prepare only for the simple, obvious questions like :
why/when/where/how/how, etc. for each item in the Bio-data.
o  But, more questions will flow out of the answers given by you.
nagarajan.ias@gmail.com  Page 2
o  Or, the members of the board will relate to a similar situation elsewhere and
ask about that.
  e.g.:  Student of Annamalai University  -  not only about history/etc. of Annamalai
University, but also whole range of issues to Private Universities, Deemed Universities,
recent controversies about foreign universities.  This can also lead to the area of
Constitution and freedom of speech via the IIPM website controversy route.  This can
in turn lead to China  and much more. (The short point here is  –  be ACTIVE while
preparing your biodata. It is like a seed that can take the shape of a huge tree with
countless branches.)
  Make a ‘Tree Diagram’ of the Issues -  Answers –  Issues out of each  item in your Bio-data. Make it till the third level.
  Hobbies: Generally we would have filled up some hobby we might not be very familiar
with. In such cases, narrow down the area of interest and steer the board to your area
of interest.
  eg: Watching films – is a vast area.
You should be ready with what kind of films you watch, which ones you like, which are
the latest ones, etc.  (Needless to say this will end up in freedom of speech and civil
rights. Got the route?)

Common Issues:-

  Why Civil Services?
  If IPS/IFS 1st choice, any particular reason?
  Why this order of preference? (top few only)
  Role of Civil Services – any future for Civil Services?
  Why did you choose this optional?
  How will your degree / optional be useful / relevant?
  What were you doing till now? (if not working etc)
  Why are you leaving your present job? ( if working – particularly in Govt Service)
  Will you work if you posted in  a naxal-affected area?  What difference can you
make?

Situation/theme based questions:-

  Ends vs Means is the crux of the issue
  Means are as important as the ends
  Rule of Law and spirit of the law matter
  When can rules be broken?  –  in public interest, in public view, when you ae ready
to face the consequences – upholding the spirit of the law
  When can orders be disobeyed? – when illegal and against public interest
  Constitutional imperatives to be borne in mind, over-riding the common and casual
value judgements e.g. fake encounters;
  Assume you are the Delhi Police Commissioner. What will be your response/how
will you handle if the barbaric rape-murder were to happen during your tenure?
  Assume you are the Foreign Secretary. How will you handle the Maldives crisis?
  If you posted as the DC of Mandya district and the Cavery problem erupts. How
will you leave aside your bias  and maintain peace?  How will you instill confidence
among the public?

Scenarios:-

  Use of force against – Maoists, Protestors, Street vendors.
  Extra judicial killings.

PMs 15 point programme for minorities

It basically covers four parts:-

(A) Enhancing opportunities for education
(B) Equitable share in Economic Activities and Employment
(C) Improving the condition of living of Minorities
(D) Prevention and Control of Communal Riots

Under Part (A) following points are covered-

  1. Equitable availability of ICDS Services
  2. Improving access to school education
  3. Greater Resources for teaching Urdu
  4. Modernising Madarsa Education
  5. Scholarships for Minority Students
  6. Improving educational infrastructure through the Maulana Azad Education Foundation (MAEF)
Under Part (B) following points are covered-

7.  Self employment and wage employment for the poor
8.  Up-gradation of Skills through technical training
9.  Enhanced credit support for economic activities
10. Recruitment to state and central services 

Under Part (C) following points are covered-

11. Equitable share in rural housing scheme
12. Improvement in condition of slums inhabited by minority communities

Under Part (D) following points are covered-

13. Prevention of communal riots
14. Prosecution for communal offences
15. Rehabilitation of victims of communal riots