Approximately 16 per
cent of India’s geographic area, mostly arid, semi-arid and sub-humid is drought-prone.
Due to high temporal and spatial variability in rainfall and wide variations in
physio-graphic and climatic conditions in the country, droughts are experienced in varying
intensities (moderate or severe) almost every year irrespective of a good monsoon.
The National Commission on Agriculture classifies three types of drought:
- Meteorological: When there is significant decrease from normal precipitation in India (>10%)
- Agricultural : When soil moisture & rainfall are inadequate to support crop
- Hydro-logical : When prolonged meteorological drought leads to depletion of water resources
Drought on the basis of time of onset can be of three types:
- Early Season: Delayed Rainfall
- Mid Season : Inadequate soil moisture between two rain events
- Late Season : Early cessation of Rains or insufficient rains
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