Amendment in The Constitution of India

Article 368 of Constitution deals with procedure of amendment of the Constitution. 

"Article 368 (2): An amendment of this Constitution may be initiated only by the introduction of a Bill for the purpose in either House of Parliament, and when the Bill is passed in each House by a majority of the total membership of that House present and voting, it shall be presented to the President who shall give his assent to the Bill and thereupon the Constitution shall stand amended in accordance with the terms of the Bill: 

Provided that if such amendment seeks to make any change in

(a) Article 54, Article 55, Article 73, Article 162 or Article 241, or

(b) Chapter IV of Part V, Chapter V of Part VI, or Chapter I of Part XI, or

(c) any of the Lists in the Seventh Schedule, or

(d) the representation of States in Parliament, or

(e) the provisions of this article, the amendment shall also require to be ratified by the Legislature of not less than one half of the States by resolution to that effect passed by those Legislatures before the Bill making provision for such amendment is presented to the President for assent"

The Constitution can be amended in three different ways :-

(a) Some categories of amendment like creation of new States, creation or abolition of second chamber of the States, changes in the citizenship, etc., require only a simple majority in both the Houses of the Union Parliament. In this case amendment of the Constitution is made in a flexible manner.

(b) Certain other provisions of the Constitution in order to be amended, require a majority of the total membership in each House of Parliament and a majority of not less than two-thirds of the members present and voting in each House of parliament. The bulk of the Constitution can be amended in this way.

(c) Certain categories of amendment like the Presidential powers and mode of election, the extent of the Executive and Legislative Powers of the Union or the States, the provision regarding the Supreme Court and the High Court, the representation of States in Parliament etc. require :-

1. A majority of the total membership in each House of Parliament.
2. A majority of not less than two-thirds of all the members present and voting in each House of Parliament, and
3. Ratification by the legislatures of at least one half of the States.