Government of India Act 1919 or Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms

The Government of India Act 1919 embodied the reforms recommended in the report of the Secretary of State for India, Edwin Montagu, and the Viceroy, Lord Chelmsford. It is also known as  Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms or Act.

Major reforms were:-

1. The Act provided a dual form of government (a "dyarchy") for the major provinces. 
2. In each such province, control of some areas of government, the "transferred list", were given to a Government of ministers answerable to the Provincial Council. The 'transferred list' included Agriculture, supervision of local government, Health and Education. The Provincial Councils were enlarged. (Centre-State relations)
3. At the same time, all other areas of government (the 'reserved list') remained under the control of the Viceroy. The 'reserved list' included Defence (the military), Foreign Affairs, and Communications.(Central List)
4. The Imperial Legislative Council was enlarged and reformed. It became a bicameral legislature for all India. The lower house was the Legislative Assembly of 144 members, of which 104 were elected and 40 were nominated and tenure of three years. The upper house was the Council of States consisting of 34 elected and 26 nominated members and tenure of five years. (Bicameral Legislature)